Abstract
Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) provides a major route for intestinal Na+ absorption. NHE3 has been considered a target of proinflammatory cytokines and enteropathogenic bacteria, and impaired NHE3 expression and/or activity may be responsible for inflammation-associated diarrhea. However, the possibility of loss of NHE3 function reciprocally affecting gut immune homeostasis has not been investigated. In this report, we describe that NHE3-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis restricted to distal colonic mucosa. NHE3-/- mice housed in a conventional facility exhibited phenotypic features such as mild diarrhea, occasional rectal prolapse, and reduced body weight. Genomewide microarray analysis identified not only a large group of transport genes that potentially represent an adaptive response, but also a considerable number of genes consistent with an inflammatory response. Histological examination demonstrated changes in the distal colon consistent with active inflammation, including crypt hyperplasia with an increased number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells, diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate with concomitant 15-fold increase in matrix metalloproteinase 8 expression, an increased number of pSer276-RelA- positive cells, and a significant decrease in periodic acid-Schiff-positive goblet cells. Real-time PCR demonstrated elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (38-fold), TNF-α (6-fold), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (48-fold), and IL-18 (3-fold) in the distal colon of NHE3 -/- mice. NHE3-/- mice showed enhanced bacterial adhesion and translocation in the distal colon. Colitis was ameliorated by oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, NHE3 deficiency leads to an exacerbated innate immune response, an observation suggesting a potentially novel role of NHE3 as a modifier gene, which when downregulated during infectious or chronic colitis may modulate the extent and severity of colonic inflammation.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Journal | American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology |
| Volume | 295 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2008 |
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Keywords
- Colon
- Knockout
- Microarray
- Slc9a3
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Gastroenterology
- Physiology (medical)
- Physiology
- Hepatology
Cite this
Colonic gene expression profile in NHE3-deficient mice : Evidence for spontaneous distal colitis. / Laubitz, Daniel; Larmonier, Claire B; Bai, Aiping; Midura-Kiela, Monica T.; Lipko, Maciej A.; Thurston, Robert D.; Kiela, Pawel R; Ghishan, Fayez K.
In: American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 295, No. 1, 07.2008.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Colonic gene expression profile in NHE3-deficient mice
T2 - Evidence for spontaneous distal colitis
AU - Laubitz, Daniel
AU - Larmonier, Claire B
AU - Bai, Aiping
AU - Midura-Kiela, Monica T.
AU - Lipko, Maciej A.
AU - Thurston, Robert D.
AU - Kiela, Pawel R
AU - Ghishan, Fayez K
PY - 2008/7
Y1 - 2008/7
N2 - Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) provides a major route for intestinal Na+ absorption. NHE3 has been considered a target of proinflammatory cytokines and enteropathogenic bacteria, and impaired NHE3 expression and/or activity may be responsible for inflammation-associated diarrhea. However, the possibility of loss of NHE3 function reciprocally affecting gut immune homeostasis has not been investigated. In this report, we describe that NHE3-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis restricted to distal colonic mucosa. NHE3-/- mice housed in a conventional facility exhibited phenotypic features such as mild diarrhea, occasional rectal prolapse, and reduced body weight. Genomewide microarray analysis identified not only a large group of transport genes that potentially represent an adaptive response, but also a considerable number of genes consistent with an inflammatory response. Histological examination demonstrated changes in the distal colon consistent with active inflammation, including crypt hyperplasia with an increased number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells, diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate with concomitant 15-fold increase in matrix metalloproteinase 8 expression, an increased number of pSer276-RelA- positive cells, and a significant decrease in periodic acid-Schiff-positive goblet cells. Real-time PCR demonstrated elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (38-fold), TNF-α (6-fold), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (48-fold), and IL-18 (3-fold) in the distal colon of NHE3 -/- mice. NHE3-/- mice showed enhanced bacterial adhesion and translocation in the distal colon. Colitis was ameliorated by oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, NHE3 deficiency leads to an exacerbated innate immune response, an observation suggesting a potentially novel role of NHE3 as a modifier gene, which when downregulated during infectious or chronic colitis may modulate the extent and severity of colonic inflammation.
AB - Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) provides a major route for intestinal Na+ absorption. NHE3 has been considered a target of proinflammatory cytokines and enteropathogenic bacteria, and impaired NHE3 expression and/or activity may be responsible for inflammation-associated diarrhea. However, the possibility of loss of NHE3 function reciprocally affecting gut immune homeostasis has not been investigated. In this report, we describe that NHE3-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis restricted to distal colonic mucosa. NHE3-/- mice housed in a conventional facility exhibited phenotypic features such as mild diarrhea, occasional rectal prolapse, and reduced body weight. Genomewide microarray analysis identified not only a large group of transport genes that potentially represent an adaptive response, but also a considerable number of genes consistent with an inflammatory response. Histological examination demonstrated changes in the distal colon consistent with active inflammation, including crypt hyperplasia with an increased number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells, diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate with concomitant 15-fold increase in matrix metalloproteinase 8 expression, an increased number of pSer276-RelA- positive cells, and a significant decrease in periodic acid-Schiff-positive goblet cells. Real-time PCR demonstrated elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (38-fold), TNF-α (6-fold), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (48-fold), and IL-18 (3-fold) in the distal colon of NHE3 -/- mice. NHE3-/- mice showed enhanced bacterial adhesion and translocation in the distal colon. Colitis was ameliorated by oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, NHE3 deficiency leads to an exacerbated innate immune response, an observation suggesting a potentially novel role of NHE3 as a modifier gene, which when downregulated during infectious or chronic colitis may modulate the extent and severity of colonic inflammation.
KW - Colon
KW - Knockout
KW - Microarray
KW - Slc9a3
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=51149084376&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=51149084376&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/ajpgi.90207.2008
DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.90207.2008
M3 - Article
C2 - 18467500
AN - SCOPUS:51149084376
VL - 295
JO - American Journal of Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology
SN - 0363-6143
IS - 1
ER -