Design of a noninvasive blood glucose sensor

This paper describes the design of a non-invasive blood glucose testing device. The Monte Carlo Pulsed Photoacoustic simulation of Figure 1 with the skin optic model in Figure 2 suggests we will need at least a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 10 ⁴. This SNR adequate to resolve 1 mili-Mole (mM) glucose variation in a 1 mm path length aqueous solution as wanted by ISO DIS 15197 ⁵. The needed pixel signal to noise ratio (SNR) is achieved with in pixel differential gain amplifier which provides the pixel conversion gain in mV/e-. The normal CMOS imager typical conversion gain is a few μV/e-. Further, we substantial reduce the pixel noise to KT / 100 Cpd (Figure 5) with MIAO active pixel reset scheme. The prior art of pixel noise are KT / 30 Cpd (Pain active reset - Figure 4 Ref 7) and KT / 18 Cpd (Fowler active reset - Figure 3 Ref 6). Where Cpd is the pixel diode capacitance, K is Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature.