@misc{e22e48caafee4579a1144f98e66f40b8,
title = "Digital Libraries: Technological Advances and Social Impacts",
abstract = "Public awareness of the Net as a critical infrastructure in the 1990s has spurred a new revolution in the technologies for information retrieval in digital libraries.",
author = "Bruce Schatz and Hsinchun Chen",
note = "Funding Information: European research into digital libraries (DLs) is funded by the European Union as well as by national sources. Several countries, such as the UK, have launched specific DL research programs. At the European level, the Fourth Framework Programme of the Commission of the European Union is now concluding without having had a specific research program in DLs, although DL projects have been supported by the Information Engineering in Europe (www.echo.lu/ie), Language Engineering (www.echo.lu/langeng/en/ lehome.html), and Esprit (www.cordis.lu/ esprit) programs. Funding Information: The Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI), funded by NSF, DARPA, and NASA from 1994 to 1998, supported pioneering exploration into issues of organization, access, security, and use of distributed information resources. DLI demonstrated that large amounts of heterogeneous information can be organized into coherent, interoperable collections in computing laboratory settings, and that these can be searched and manipulated in new ways to yield useful knowledge. The six DLI projects addressed a broad range of fundamental research: new document models, video capture and indexing, geographic data spaces, image retrieval, concept spaces, agent-based synthetic global economies, and new tools for classroom education, to name a few. (See DLI National Synchronization at http://dli. grainger.uiuc.edu/national.htm.) The Digital Libraries Initiative-Phase 2 (DLI-2) supported by NSF, DARPA, NLM, LoC, NEH, NASA, and other agency partners will address a refined technology research agenda, and look to support new areas in the digital libraries information life cycle, including content creation, access, use and usability, preservation, and archiving. (See DLI-2 at www.dli2.nsf.gov) DLI-2 will look to create domain applications and operational infrastructure, and understand their use and usability in various organizational, economic, social, and international contexts. In short, DLI-2 will investigate digital libraries as human-centered systems. DLI-2 involvement will extend far beyond computing and communications specialty communities to engage scholars, practitioners, and learners in not only science and engineering but also arts and humanities. DLI-2 recognizes that knowledge access is inherently international and will actively promote activities and processes that bridge political and language boundaries, including sponsoring projects through a new program in International Digital Libraries Collaborative Research.",
year = "1999",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1109/2.745719",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "45--X",
journal = "ACM SIGPLAN/SIGSOFT Workshop on Program Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering",
issn = "0018-9162",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
}