TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental arsenic exposure and sputum metalloproteinase concentrations
AU - Josyula, Arun B.
AU - Poplin, Gerald S.
AU - Kurzius-Spencer, Margaret
AU - McClellen, Hannah E.
AU - Kopplin, Michael J.
AU - Stürup, Stefan
AU - Clark Lantz, R.
AU - Burgess, Jefferey L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was supported by NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program grant P42 ES04940, the NIEHS Center for Toxicology: Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center grant P30 ES06694, and U.S. EPA grant R832095-010.
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased rate of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether arsenic exposure at relatively low concentrations (∼20 μg/L) is associated with changes in biomarkers of lung inflammation, as measured by the ratio of sputum metalloproteinase and antiproteinase activity. A total of 73 subjects residing in Ajo and Tucson, Arizona were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Tap water and first morning void urine were analyzed for arsenic. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) were measured in induced sputum. Household tap water arsenic levels in Ajo (20.3±3.7 μg/L) were higher than in those Tucson (4.0±2.3 μg/L), as were mean urinary total inorganic arsenic levels (29.1±20.4 and 11.0±12.0 μg/L, respectively). Log-normalized MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations in sputum were not significantly different between towns. However, after adjusting for town, asthma, diabetes, urinary monomethylarsonic acid/inorganic arsenic, and smoking history, total urinary arsenic was negatively associated with MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels in sputum and positively associated with the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in sputum. Increased sputum proteinase/antiproteinase activity suggests a potential toxic mechanism for low-level arsenic exposure.
AB - Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased rate of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether arsenic exposure at relatively low concentrations (∼20 μg/L) is associated with changes in biomarkers of lung inflammation, as measured by the ratio of sputum metalloproteinase and antiproteinase activity. A total of 73 subjects residing in Ajo and Tucson, Arizona were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Tap water and first morning void urine were analyzed for arsenic. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) were measured in induced sputum. Household tap water arsenic levels in Ajo (20.3±3.7 μg/L) were higher than in those Tucson (4.0±2.3 μg/L), as were mean urinary total inorganic arsenic levels (29.1±20.4 and 11.0±12.0 μg/L, respectively). Log-normalized MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations in sputum were not significantly different between towns. However, after adjusting for town, asthma, diabetes, urinary monomethylarsonic acid/inorganic arsenic, and smoking history, total urinary arsenic was negatively associated with MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels in sputum and positively associated with the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in sputum. Increased sputum proteinase/antiproteinase activity suggests a potential toxic mechanism for low-level arsenic exposure.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Lung inflammation
KW - MMP-9
KW - Matrix metalloproteinase
KW - TIMP-1
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U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 16487958
AN - SCOPUS:33746915331
VL - 102
SP - 283
EP - 290
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
SN - 0013-9351
IS - 3
ER -