Abstract
Energy is the fundamental currency of life - needed for growth, repair, and reproduction - but little is known about the metabolic physiology and evolved energy use strategies of the great apes, our closest evolutionary relatives. Here we report daily energy use in free-living orangutans (Pongo spp.) and test whether observed differences in energy expenditure among orangutans, humans, and other mammals reflect known differences in life history. Using the doubly labeled water method, we measured daily energy expenditure (kCal/d) in orangutans living in a large indoor/outdoor habitat at the Great Ape Trust. Despite activity levels similar to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust orangutans used less energy, relative to body mass, than nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including sedentary humans. Such an extremely low rate of energy use has not been observed previously in primates, but is consistent with the slow growth and low rate of reproduction in orangutans, and may be an evolutionary response to severe food shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests. These results hold important implications for the management of orangutan populations in captivity and in the wild, and underscore the flexibility and interdependence of physiological, behavioral, and life history strategies in the evolution of apes and humans.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 14048-14052 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Volume | 107 |
| Issue number | 32 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 10 2010 |
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Keywords
- Daily energy expenditure
- Doubly labeled water
- Energetics
- Life history
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General
Cite this
Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans. / Pontzer, Herman; Raichlen, David A; Shumaker, Robert W.; Ocobock, Cara; Wich, Serge A.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 107, No. 32, 10.08.2010, p. 14048-14052.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans
AU - Pontzer, Herman
AU - Raichlen, David A
AU - Shumaker, Robert W.
AU - Ocobock, Cara
AU - Wich, Serge A.
PY - 2010/8/10
Y1 - 2010/8/10
N2 - Energy is the fundamental currency of life - needed for growth, repair, and reproduction - but little is known about the metabolic physiology and evolved energy use strategies of the great apes, our closest evolutionary relatives. Here we report daily energy use in free-living orangutans (Pongo spp.) and test whether observed differences in energy expenditure among orangutans, humans, and other mammals reflect known differences in life history. Using the doubly labeled water method, we measured daily energy expenditure (kCal/d) in orangutans living in a large indoor/outdoor habitat at the Great Ape Trust. Despite activity levels similar to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust orangutans used less energy, relative to body mass, than nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including sedentary humans. Such an extremely low rate of energy use has not been observed previously in primates, but is consistent with the slow growth and low rate of reproduction in orangutans, and may be an evolutionary response to severe food shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests. These results hold important implications for the management of orangutan populations in captivity and in the wild, and underscore the flexibility and interdependence of physiological, behavioral, and life history strategies in the evolution of apes and humans.
AB - Energy is the fundamental currency of life - needed for growth, repair, and reproduction - but little is known about the metabolic physiology and evolved energy use strategies of the great apes, our closest evolutionary relatives. Here we report daily energy use in free-living orangutans (Pongo spp.) and test whether observed differences in energy expenditure among orangutans, humans, and other mammals reflect known differences in life history. Using the doubly labeled water method, we measured daily energy expenditure (kCal/d) in orangutans living in a large indoor/outdoor habitat at the Great Ape Trust. Despite activity levels similar to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust orangutans used less energy, relative to body mass, than nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including sedentary humans. Such an extremely low rate of energy use has not been observed previously in primates, but is consistent with the slow growth and low rate of reproduction in orangutans, and may be an evolutionary response to severe food shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests. These results hold important implications for the management of orangutan populations in captivity and in the wild, and underscore the flexibility and interdependence of physiological, behavioral, and life history strategies in the evolution of apes and humans.
KW - Daily energy expenditure
KW - Doubly labeled water
KW - Energetics
KW - Life history
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956280161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77956280161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1001031107
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1001031107
M3 - Article
C2 - 20679208
AN - SCOPUS:77956280161
VL - 107
SP - 14048
EP - 14052
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
SN - 0027-8424
IS - 32
ER -