TY - JOUR
T1 - Microbial Enrichment Culture Responsible for the Complete Oxidative Biodegradation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO), the Reduced Daughter Product of the Insensitive Munitions Compound 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)
AU - Madeira, Camila L.
AU - Jog, Kalyani V.
AU - Vanover, Erica T.
AU - Brooks, Matthew D.
AU - Taylor, David K.
AU - Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes
AU - Waidner, Lisa A.
AU - Spain, Jim C.
AU - Krzmarzick, Mark J.
AU - Field, Jim A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research project was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP projects ER-2221 and ER-1069). C.L.M. acknowledges the financial support from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development under the grant 200882/2017-1. E.T.V. acknowledges the financial support from National Science Foundation under the grant NSF-1809591 and from Western Alliance to Expand Students Opportunities (WAESO).
PY - 2019/11/5
Y1 - 2019/11/5
N2 - 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is one of the main ingredients of many insensitive munitions, which are being used as replacements for conventional explosives. As its use becomes widespread, more research is needed to assess its environmental fate. Previous studies have shown that NTO is biologically reduced to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO). However, the final degradation products of ATO are still unknown. We have studied the aerobic degradation of ATO by enrichment cultures derived from the soil. After multiple transfers, ATO degradation was monitored in closed bottles through measurements of inorganic carbon and nitrogen species. The results indicate that the members of the enrichment culture utilize ATO as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. As ATO was mineralized to CO2, N2, and NH4 +, microbial growth was observed in the culture. Co-substrates addition did not increase the ATO degradation rate. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the organisms that enriched using ATO as carbon and nitrogen source were Terrimonas spp., Ramlibacter-related spp., Mesorhizobium spp., Hydrogenophaga spp., Ralstonia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ectothiorhodospiraceae, and Sphingopyxis. This is the first study to report the complete mineralization of ATO by soil microorganisms, expanding our understanding of natural attenuation and bioremediation of the explosive NTO.
AB - 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is one of the main ingredients of many insensitive munitions, which are being used as replacements for conventional explosives. As its use becomes widespread, more research is needed to assess its environmental fate. Previous studies have shown that NTO is biologically reduced to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO). However, the final degradation products of ATO are still unknown. We have studied the aerobic degradation of ATO by enrichment cultures derived from the soil. After multiple transfers, ATO degradation was monitored in closed bottles through measurements of inorganic carbon and nitrogen species. The results indicate that the members of the enrichment culture utilize ATO as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. As ATO was mineralized to CO2, N2, and NH4 +, microbial growth was observed in the culture. Co-substrates addition did not increase the ATO degradation rate. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the organisms that enriched using ATO as carbon and nitrogen source were Terrimonas spp., Ramlibacter-related spp., Mesorhizobium spp., Hydrogenophaga spp., Ralstonia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ectothiorhodospiraceae, and Sphingopyxis. This is the first study to report the complete mineralization of ATO by soil microorganisms, expanding our understanding of natural attenuation and bioremediation of the explosive NTO.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.9b04065
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.9b04065
M3 - Article
C2 - 31553579
AN - SCOPUS:85073341353
VL - 53
SP - 12648
EP - 12656
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 21
ER -