TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B in rats as a function of dose following constant‐rate intravenous infusion
AU - Chow, Hsiao‐Hui ‐H
AU - Wu, Yuhong
AU - Mayersohn, Michael
PY - 1995/8
Y1 - 1995/8
N2 - Amphotericin B (AmB) is widely used for the treatment of systemic mycoses. The current therapeutic regimens for this drug are complex and somewhat empirical, in part because of very limited information about the disposition kinetics of this agent. In this study, we examined the disposition kinetics of AmB as a function of dose and estimated clearance values using a steady state study design in an animal model. Groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were given diferent two‐step infusion regimens to achieve three different steady state concentrations (i.e., three different total infused doses). We observed no significant differences in systemic clearance among the three AmB doses studied. Similarly, only small differences were seen in volumes of distribution as a function of dose. However, renal clearance decreased significantly as the total infused dose was increased (0.76 ± 0.33, 0.86 ± 0.24, and 0.37 ± 0.04mL min−1 kg−1 for the lowmedium and high‐dose groups, respectively; p < 0.05). Signs of renal impairment were observed in the high‐dose group, as documented by decreased creatinine clearance. Dose‐dependent renal clearance may have ben due either to nephrotoxicity associated with the high dose of AmB and/or to saturation of an active secretion process. Furthermore, clearance values estimated from steady state conditions were similar to those from time‐averaged values (based on the estimation of area under the plasma concentration‐time profile). This suggests that clearance calculations from time‐averaged concentrations provide reasonable estimates, since steady state plasma concentrations could be reliably determined. However, the possibility that a true tissue steady state condition was not achieved with our study design cannot be ruled out. Further investigation is necessary to identify the renal excretion mechanisms of AmB and to reach steady state tissue concentration to confirm the estimation of systemic clearance.
AB - Amphotericin B (AmB) is widely used for the treatment of systemic mycoses. The current therapeutic regimens for this drug are complex and somewhat empirical, in part because of very limited information about the disposition kinetics of this agent. In this study, we examined the disposition kinetics of AmB as a function of dose and estimated clearance values using a steady state study design in an animal model. Groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were given diferent two‐step infusion regimens to achieve three different steady state concentrations (i.e., three different total infused doses). We observed no significant differences in systemic clearance among the three AmB doses studied. Similarly, only small differences were seen in volumes of distribution as a function of dose. However, renal clearance decreased significantly as the total infused dose was increased (0.76 ± 0.33, 0.86 ± 0.24, and 0.37 ± 0.04mL min−1 kg−1 for the lowmedium and high‐dose groups, respectively; p < 0.05). Signs of renal impairment were observed in the high‐dose group, as documented by decreased creatinine clearance. Dose‐dependent renal clearance may have ben due either to nephrotoxicity associated with the high dose of AmB and/or to saturation of an active secretion process. Furthermore, clearance values estimated from steady state conditions were similar to those from time‐averaged values (based on the estimation of area under the plasma concentration‐time profile). This suggests that clearance calculations from time‐averaged concentrations provide reasonable estimates, since steady state plasma concentrations could be reliably determined. However, the possibility that a true tissue steady state condition was not achieved with our study design cannot be ruled out. Further investigation is necessary to identify the renal excretion mechanisms of AmB and to reach steady state tissue concentration to confirm the estimation of systemic clearance.
KW - amphotericin B
KW - pharmacokinetics
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U2 - 10.1002/bdd.2510160604
DO - 10.1002/bdd.2510160604
M3 - Article
C2 - 7579028
AN - SCOPUS:0029149132
VL - 16
SP - 461
EP - 473
JO - Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition
JF - Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition
SN - 0142-2782
IS - 6
ER -