Abstract
Yellowstone elk have fewer offspring in years in which a predator, the wolf, is more plentiful, demonstrating an indirect cost of antipredator responses.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Number of pages | 1 |
| Journal | Science |
| Volume | 315 |
| Issue number | 5814 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 16 2007 |
| Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General
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Cite this
Creel, S., Christianson, D., Liley, S., & Winnie, J. A. (2007). Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk. Science, 315(5814). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135918