Abstract
The acids and bases used for ion exchange regeneration contribute significantly to the increasing salinity of potable water supplies. This research investigated the use of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for producing acids and bases from dilute salt solutions that are produced during reverse osmosis or evaporative cooling. Using single pass BMED, acids and bases were produced with concentrations equal to ∼75% of the feed salt concentration with current utilizations >75%. Current utilization increased with increasing feed salt concentrations due to decreased leakage current through the monopolar membranes. The maximum current density at which the BMED stack could be operated depended on the feed salt concentration and the flow velocity and was limited by water dissociation at the interface between the diluate solutions and the monopolar membranes. The stack resistance was dominated by the bipolar membranes, even for the most dilute feed solutions. The energy required per mole of acid or base produced increased linearly with increasing current density. The energy costs for producing acids and bases were significantly less than costs for purchasing bulk HCl and NaOH, and the process is scalable to large systems. (Graph Presented).
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2337-2342 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 8 2015 |
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Keywords
- Acid production
- Base production
- Bipolar membrane electrodialysis
- Ion exchange regeneration
- Water softening
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemical Engineering(all)
- Chemistry(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Environmental Chemistry
Cite this
Production of Acids and Bases for Ion Exchange Regeneration from Dilute Salt Solutions Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis. / Davis, Jake R.; Chen, Yingying; Baygents, James C; Farrell, James.
In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 9, 08.09.2015, p. 2337-2342.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of Acids and Bases for Ion Exchange Regeneration from Dilute Salt Solutions Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
AU - Davis, Jake R.
AU - Chen, Yingying
AU - Baygents, James C
AU - Farrell, James
PY - 2015/9/8
Y1 - 2015/9/8
N2 - The acids and bases used for ion exchange regeneration contribute significantly to the increasing salinity of potable water supplies. This research investigated the use of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for producing acids and bases from dilute salt solutions that are produced during reverse osmosis or evaporative cooling. Using single pass BMED, acids and bases were produced with concentrations equal to ∼75% of the feed salt concentration with current utilizations >75%. Current utilization increased with increasing feed salt concentrations due to decreased leakage current through the monopolar membranes. The maximum current density at which the BMED stack could be operated depended on the feed salt concentration and the flow velocity and was limited by water dissociation at the interface between the diluate solutions and the monopolar membranes. The stack resistance was dominated by the bipolar membranes, even for the most dilute feed solutions. The energy required per mole of acid or base produced increased linearly with increasing current density. The energy costs for producing acids and bases were significantly less than costs for purchasing bulk HCl and NaOH, and the process is scalable to large systems. (Graph Presented).
AB - The acids and bases used for ion exchange regeneration contribute significantly to the increasing salinity of potable water supplies. This research investigated the use of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for producing acids and bases from dilute salt solutions that are produced during reverse osmosis or evaporative cooling. Using single pass BMED, acids and bases were produced with concentrations equal to ∼75% of the feed salt concentration with current utilizations >75%. Current utilization increased with increasing feed salt concentrations due to decreased leakage current through the monopolar membranes. The maximum current density at which the BMED stack could be operated depended on the feed salt concentration and the flow velocity and was limited by water dissociation at the interface between the diluate solutions and the monopolar membranes. The stack resistance was dominated by the bipolar membranes, even for the most dilute feed solutions. The energy required per mole of acid or base produced increased linearly with increasing current density. The energy costs for producing acids and bases were significantly less than costs for purchasing bulk HCl and NaOH, and the process is scalable to large systems. (Graph Presented).
KW - Acid production
KW - Base production
KW - Bipolar membrane electrodialysis
KW - Ion exchange regeneration
KW - Water softening
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84941312380&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84941312380&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00654
DO - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00654
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84941312380
VL - 3
SP - 2337
EP - 2342
JO - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
JF - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
SN - 2168-0485
IS - 9
ER -