TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of child-like vowels with nonlinear interaction of glottal flow and vocal tract resonances
AU - Story, Brad H.
AU - Bunton, Kate
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Acoustically, the mechanisms of vocal sound production may be considered to exist along a continuum. At one end, the glottal flow wave is weakly coupled to the resonances of the vocal tract such that the output is a linear combination of their respective acoustic characteristics, whereas at the other end there is strong nonlinear coupling of the flow source to the vocal tract resonances. To express phonetic properties in the output, such as formants, the linear case requires that the source produce sound that is rich in harmonic or broadband energy. In contrast, the nonlinear case allows for the possibility of an harmonically-rich source signal to be generated even when the glottal area variation is so simple that it may contain only one harmonic (i.e., a sinusoid) [Titze, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 123, 2008]. The latter case is most likely to occur when the fundamental frequency is relatively high, such as in children's speech. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonlinear end of the continuum with respect to the harmonic content of the glottal flow and pressure waveforms for vowels generated with a model of a child-like speech production system.
AB - Acoustically, the mechanisms of vocal sound production may be considered to exist along a continuum. At one end, the glottal flow wave is weakly coupled to the resonances of the vocal tract such that the output is a linear combination of their respective acoustic characteristics, whereas at the other end there is strong nonlinear coupling of the flow source to the vocal tract resonances. To express phonetic properties in the output, such as formants, the linear case requires that the source produce sound that is rich in harmonic or broadband energy. In contrast, the nonlinear case allows for the possibility of an harmonically-rich source signal to be generated even when the glottal area variation is so simple that it may contain only one harmonic (i.e., a sinusoid) [Titze, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 123, 2008]. The latter case is most likely to occur when the fundamental frequency is relatively high, such as in children's speech. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonlinear end of the continuum with respect to the harmonic content of the glottal flow and pressure waveforms for vowels generated with a model of a child-like speech production system.
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U2 - 10.1121/1.4798416
DO - 10.1121/1.4798416
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:84879002064
VL - 19
JO - Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
JF - Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
SN - 1939-800X
M1 - 060303
T2 - 21st International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2013 - 165th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America
Y2 - 2 June 2013 through 7 June 2013
ER -