@article{893eee557bf147cbbb71a24b585a4a39,
title = "Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2-CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model",
abstract = "During the Last Interglacial, approximately 129 to 116 ka (thousand years ago), the Arctic summer climate was warmer than the present, and the Greenland Ice Sheet retreated to a smaller extent than its current state. Previous model-derived and geological reconstruction estimates of the sea-level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Last Interglacial vary widely. Here, we conduct a transient climate simulation from 127 to 119 ka using the Community Earth System Model (CESM2), which includes a dynamic ice sheet component (the Community Ice Sheet Model, CISM2) that is interactively coupled to the atmosphere, land, ocean, and sea ice components. Vegetation distribution is updated every 500 years based on biomes simulated using a monthly climatology to force the BIOME4 equilibrium vegetation model. Results show a substantial retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet, reaching a minimum extent at 121.9 ka, equivalent to a 3.0 m rise in sea level relative to the present day, followed by gradual regrowth. In contrast, a companion simulation employing static vegetation based on pre-industrial conditions shows a much smaller ice-sheet retreat, highlighting the importance of the changes in high-latitude vegetation distribution for amplifying the ice-sheet response.",
keywords = "Arctic, BIOME4, CESM, CISM, Eemian, Greenland, Last Interglacial, climate modeling, ice sheet, land-surface feedback, paleoclimate, sea level, vegetation",
author = "Sommers, {Aleah N.} and Otto-Bliesner, {Bette L.} and Lipscomb, {William H.} and Marcus Lofverstrom and Shafer, {Sarah L.} and Bartlein, {Patrick J.} and Brady, {Esther C.} and Erik Kluzek and Gunter Leguy and Katherine Thayer-Calder and Tomas, {Robert A.}",
note = "Funding Information: There are no real or perceived financial conflicts of interest for any of the authors of this paper. Portions of this study were supported by the Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) through grant SC0012606. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. S.S. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Special thanks to William Sacks for his contributions implementing CLM–CISM coupling. Funding Information: There are no real or perceived financial conflicts of interest for any of the authors of this paper. Portions of this study were supported by the Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) through grant SC0012606. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. S.S. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Special thanks to William Sacks for his contributions implementing CLM?CISM coupling. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The Authors.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1029/2021PA004272",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "36",
journal = "Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology",
issn = "2572-4517",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "12",
}