@article{4cd8eba33b73457f9a9eedeb1621b2cf,
title = "Scaling Ecological Resilience",
abstract = "Rapid climate change and altered disturbance regimes represent increasing stressors to the stability of existing ecosystems. Resilience is a widely used framework for post-disturbance response, but resilient responses are emergent properties resulting from component processes of persistence, recovery, and reorganization, with different mechanisms at work in each mode. We present a model of scaled resilience, which allows resilience to be decomposed across scales of space, time, and levels of biological organization. Using case examples of post-fire resilience in dry conifer forests of interior western North America, we illustrate the increased clarity gained by separating scale-dependent mechanisms of persistence, recovery, and reorganization. We conclude by describing how the scaled resilience framework can be applied in land and fire management by distinguishing relevant management actions before, during, and after wildfire.",
keywords = "dispersal, disturbance, ecosystem management, persistence, recovery, reorganization, tipping points, wildland fire",
author = "Falk, {Donald A.} and Watts, {Adam C.} and Thode, {Andrea E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This paper originated during a workshop on fire and ecological resilience organized in 2014 by the Southwest Fire Science Consortium in Tucson, AZ (Grant #09-S-04-13 from the Joint Fire Science Program); additional support was provided by the University of Arizona Water, Environmental, and Energy (WEES) Initiative and the Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF). Thanks to Connie Millar and Dave Peterson (USDA Forest Service), and Nate Stephenson (US Geological Survey) for valuable suggestions during concept development. Thanks to Emily Heyerdahl and Ann Lynch (USDA Forest Service), Andrew Merschel (Oregon State University), and Lauren Maghran and James Malusa (University of Arizona) for assistance with figures. The authors gratefully acknowledge the commentary and suggestions by three reviewers, whose suggestions help improve an earlier version of the manuscript. DF was supported by a Faculty Fellowship from the University of Arizona Udall Center in Public Policy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 Falk, Watts and Thode.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "24",
doi = "10.3389/fevo.2019.00275",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution",
issn = "2296-701X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}