@article{5e66d03a5b8e4884833568ff178869b5,
title = "The early Upper Paleolithic occupations at {\"U}{\c c}aǧi{dotless}zli{dotless} Cave (Hatay, Turkey)",
abstract = "This paper summarizes results from excavations at {\"U}{\c c}aǧi{dotless}zli{dotless} Cave (Hatay, Turkey) between 1999 and 2002 and 2005. This collapsed karstic chamber contains a sequence of early Upper Paleolithic deposits that span an interval between roughly 29,000 and 41,000 (uncalibrated) radiocarbon years BP. Lithic assemblages can be assigned to two major chronostratigraphic units. The earliest assemblages correspond with the Initial Upper Paleolithic, whereas the most recent ones fit within the definition of the Ahmarian. Substantial assemblages of stone tools, vertebrate faunal remains, ornaments, osseous artifacts, and other cultural materials provide an unusually varied picture of human behavior during the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in the northern Levant. The sequence at {\"U}{\c c}aǧi{dotless}zli{dotless} Cave documents the technological transition between Initial Upper Paleolithic and Ahmarian, with a high degree of continuity in foraging and technological activities. The sequence also documents major shifts in occupational intensity and mobility.",
keywords = "Ahmarian, Bone tools, Early Upper Paleolithic, Late Pleistocene, Mediterranean, Prey choice, Turkey, Use wear, Zooarchaeology, shell ornaments",
author = "Kuhn, {Steven L.} and Stiner, {Mary C.} and Erksin G{\"u}le{\c c} and Ismail {\"O}zer and Hakan Yilmaz and Ismail Baykara and Ay{\c s}en A{\c c}ikkol and Paul Goldberg and Molina, {Kenneth Mart{\'i}nez} and Engin {\"U}nay and Fadime Suata-Alpaslan",
note = "Funding Information: Research at {\"U}{\c c}ağızlı Cave is a truly collaborative, international enterprise. The work reported here could not have been accomplished without the efforts of a students and faculty from Ankara University, the University of Arizona, and other institutions. We are particularly grateful for the assistance and hard work of V. Co{\c s}kun, I. Baykara, B. Koca, B. Rıza Nuğral, C. Pehlevan, M. Sağır, A. Sevim, H. Yakut, H. Yılmaz, V. Ye{\c s}ildoğan, and many others from Ankara University, and to A.E. Clark, M. Goodyer, K. W. Kerry, M. Mustafa, A. Margaris, N, Munro, S. Mentzer, P. Wrinn, among others from the University of Arizona. Kris Kerry provided many excellent line drawings of artifacts; the awkward ones were done by S. Kuhn. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Turkish Directorate of Monuments and Museums (Anıtlar ve M{\"u}zeler Genel M{\"u}d{\"u}rl{\"u}ğ{\"u}) and the Antakya Museum, and particularly the efforts of the field representatives (temsilci) from these institutions. This research was carried out with the financial support of the United States National Science Foundation (grants SBR-9804722 and BCS-0106433) and the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation. Additional funding was provided by the University of Arizona, Ankara University, and the Turkish Ministry of Culture. ",
year = "2009",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.07.014",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "56",
pages = "87--113",
journal = "Journal of Human Evolution",
issn = "0047-2484",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "2",
}