Abstract
We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 19 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series |
| Volume | 197 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2011 |
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Keywords
- brown dwarfs
- infrared: stars
- mass function
- parallaxes
- proper motions
- solar neighborhood
- stars: luminosity function
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cite this
The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). / Davy Kirkpatrick, J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, A.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E.; Petty, Sara M.; Stanford, S. A.; Tsai, Chao Wei; Bailey, Vanessa; Beichman, Charles A.; Bloom, Joshua S.; Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adamj; Capak, Peter L.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Hinz, Philip M; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Knox, Russell P.; Manohar, Swarnima; Masters, Daniel; Morales-Calderón, Maria; Prato, Lisa A.; Rodigas, Timothy J.; Salvato, Mara; Schurr, Steven D.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Stern, Daniel; Stock, Nathan D.; Vacca, William D.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, Vol. 197, No. 2, 19, 12.2011.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
AU - Davy Kirkpatrick, J.
AU - Cushing, Michael C.
AU - Gelino, Christopher R.
AU - Griffith, Roger L.
AU - Skrutskie, Michael F.
AU - Marsh, Kenneth A.
AU - Wright, Edward L.
AU - Mainzer, A.
AU - Eisenhardt, Peter R.
AU - McLean, Ian S.
AU - Thompson, Maggie A.
AU - Bauer, James M.
AU - Benford, Dominic J.
AU - Bridge, Carrie R.
AU - Lake, Sean E.
AU - Petty, Sara M.
AU - Stanford, S. A.
AU - Tsai, Chao Wei
AU - Bailey, Vanessa
AU - Beichman, Charles A.
AU - Bloom, Joshua S.
AU - Bochanski, John J.
AU - Burgasser, Adamj
AU - Capak, Peter L.
AU - Cruz, Kelle L.
AU - Hinz, Philip M
AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
AU - Knox, Russell P.
AU - Manohar, Swarnima
AU - Masters, Daniel
AU - Morales-Calderón, Maria
AU - Prato, Lisa A.
AU - Rodigas, Timothy J.
AU - Salvato, Mara
AU - Schurr, Steven D.
AU - Scoville, Nicholas Z.
AU - Simcoe, Robert A.
AU - Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
AU - Stern, Daniel
AU - Stock, Nathan D.
AU - Vacca, William D.
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.
AB - We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.
KW - brown dwarfs
KW - infrared: stars
KW - mass function
KW - parallaxes
KW - proper motions
KW - solar neighborhood
KW - stars: luminosity function
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=83055188801&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=83055188801&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19
DO - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:83055188801
VL - 197
JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
SN - 0067-0049
IS - 2
M1 - 19
ER -